Tag: grammar

  • Grammar: Which vs. That

    For proper grammar, think about how you’re using the words which vs. that.

    Essential or Nonessential
    Generally, the word which introduces a clause that is not essential to understand the meaning of the sentence (nonessential) and can be set off with commas. The word that generally introduces an essential clause, which is needed to understand the sentence. A vampire might demonstrate the difference this way:

    Blood that dripped freshly to his lips excited him more.
    [blood dripping as opposed to some other method excited him]

    The blood, which dripped freshly to his lips, renewed his strength.
    [the blood renewed his strength and happened to be dripping]

    Which vs. That: Academics Often Misuse Them

    Often, people mistakenly use the word which in the attempt to sound more academic or in thinking it is the more proper usage. It isn’t. In choosing which or that, remember, if what follows the word is needed to understand the sentence, use that. If not, you can probably set it off with commas and use which.

    A Few Other Uses
    Following a preposition, use the word which, as in the following example:

    The blood, for which the vampire had risked her freedom, did nothing to quell her appetite.
    The blood, in which the vampire now basked, did nothing to quell her appetite.
    but
    The blood that flowed did nothing to quell her appetite

    Grammar that suits a vampire. Photo from cottonbro on pexels.com

    For more commonly misused words and phrases: https://patriciaesposito.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=180&action=edit

  • Commonly Misused, Misspelled Words and Phrases

    Spell check doesn’t necessarily catch words that are spelled correctly but chosen incorrectly. Here’s a list of some of the most common I’ve found in my editing experience. (Written in a certain vein, because vampires need proper grammar too.)

    accept/except:

    Of course I’ll accept (agree with, allow) your tongue at my throat. After the summer drought, I thirst for everything except (excluding, omitting) the thought of your departure.

    affect/effect:

    What will be the effect (result) of this dry, hot summer? More than these lost barley rows, the drought will affect (influence/cause a response) the substance of my blood, my ability to quench your constant need.

    (Usually, “effect” is the noun, and “affect” is the verb; however, “effect” is sometimes used as a verb, as in, The drought effected (to bring about) great change in my body. And sometimes “affect” can be used as a noun, as in, He affected (assumed) a wry humor that belied his concern at the loss of blood.)

    capitol/capital:

    On the stairs of the old capitol (the building only), we waited for the sun to rise over the state’s capital (town or city holding government), and for a moment, we forgot our impending death, content with the joy of last night’s capital (financial assets) blood gains.

    ensure/insure:

    If she were to acquiesce to his demand, Emily would first ensure (make certain) the well-being of her family and insist the vampire insure (plan money payment for loss) her against the loss of her royal blood.

    farther/further:

    I will not go one step farther (physical distance) if you speak any further (abstract quantity) about my own lust being greater than yours; we are the same.

    its/it’s:

    It’s (it is) the memory of sun on new green leaves and its (possessive/belonging to) bright heat on the farmhouse porch that keeps me at the window past dawn’s torturous waking.

    lightning/lightening:

    Although the heavy storm clouds were lightening (lesser in weight) beyond his black cape blowing, the horizon sparked with lightning (electrical force).

    principle/principal:

    The principal (main, foremost) goal of our midnight meeting was to establish the principles (rule, truth) by which our passion could be sated without offending the now sterile principal (chief person, head) of our vampire coven.

    proceed/precede:

    The wedding party will precede (to go or come before) the vampire bride, who will then proceed (to go on or move forward) into the reception hall to taste the guests.

    stationary/stationery:

    Before composing my letters of consolation on this vibrant green stationery (writing paper), I must find a table more stationary (motionless, unmoving) than these skeletal remains of my month-long feast.

    their/there/they’re:

    They’re (they are) forever dancing up there (in a place), all these black and starless nights, in their (possessive, belonging to) translucent skin and ghostly gauze dress.

    who’s/whose:

    I hope that the vampire who’s (who is) dancing above my ceiling knows whose (possessive, belonging to) black heels and heart have danced there once too.

    you’re/your:

    With all these rules you devise for self-protection, you’re (you are) still left no choice but to follow what most ignites your (possessive, belonging to you) absolute and undeniable need.